Report 20231122A
Date
November 22, 2023
Administration
Joe Biden (Current Term)Location
IraqWas 4(a)(1) Triggered? (Hostilities/Imminent Hostilities)
Yes, described in/inferred from report
Was 4(a)(2) Triggered? (Combat- Equipped Introduction)
No, as described in/inferred from report
Was 4(a)(3) Triggered? (Substantial Enlargement)
No, as described in/inferred from report
Joint/Coalition Mission
No
Purpose/Mission
Respond to threatDetails: "The strikes were taken to deter future attacks ... to protect and defend our personnel who are in Iraq and Syria conducting military operations pursuant to the 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force. The strikes were intended to degrade and disrupt the ongoing series of attacks against the United States and our partners, and to deter Iran and Iran-backed militia groups from conducting or supporting further attacks on United States personnel and facilities."
Domestic Legal Authority
Constitution (Art. II)Details: "I directed this military action consistent with my responsibility to protect United States citizens both at home and abroad and in furtherance of United States national security and foreign policy interests, pursuant to my constitutional authority as Commander in Chief and Chief Executive and to conduct United States foreign relations."
Claimed International Legal Basis
Self-DefenseDetails: "The United States took this necessary and proportionate action consistent with international law, and in the exercise of the United States’ inherent right of self-defense as reflected in Article 51 of the United Nations Charter."
Estimated Scope/Duration
Scope/duration specified
Details: "On the night of November 21, 2023, at my direction, United States forces conducted discrete strikes "
Type of Enemy or Mission
Nation-stateDetails: "facilities in Iraq used by the IRGC and IRGC-affiliated groups"
Military Activity
Air operationsDetails: "United States forces conducted discrete strikes against facilities in Iraq used by the IRGC and IRGC-affiliated groups for command and control, logistics, and other purposes."
US Casualties Reported
Yes
Details: "These attacks, which have caused injuries to United States personnel, have placed under grave threat the lives of United States personnel and of Coalition forces operating alongside United States forces."
Non-US Casualties Reported
Unknown